wjqreoafoa udi 12 ;=, we;s fmdfydh osk 12 jeo.;alu¡
wo 2015 jif¾ uq,au fmdfydh oskh wdrïN jqkd¡ wms n,uq fï tla tla fmdfydh oskfha úfYaI isÿùï¡
,lajdiS fn!oaOhska uy;a yrißka isysm;a lrkq ,nk nqÿka jykafiaf.a m%:u ,xld .ukh isÿjQ ÿre;= mqr mif,diajl fmdfyda Èkh wohs' iquk iuka foúhkaf.a wdrdOkdj u; nqÿkajykafia ,laÈjg jevu fldg we;s w;r kej; oUÈjg jevu lrkakg m%:u ,lajdiS fndÿkqjkag jkaokd lsÍu i|yd flaYOd;= ñgla ,ndÿka nj;a tu Od;= ksokafldg uyshx.k ffp;H bÈl< nj;a Ydik b;sydifha i|ykah' tfyhska uyshx.K iEh wo o fn!oaOhskaf.a uy;a f.!rjdorhg m;a jQ ia:Qmhls'
ìñìidr rcq úiska nqÿka we;=¿ uy iÕrejkg fõ¿jkdrduh mQcd lf<ao ÿre;= fmdfydh Èkfha§ nj fn!oaO b;sydifha oelafõ'
ÿre;= udih t<efUkafka ne;snr yeÕ=ï jv jvd;a fn!oaO ckS ckhdf.a is;a i;ka ;=< my< lerjñks' isßmd iuh we/UqfKa miq.sh W÷jma mqr mif<diajl fmdah Èkfha h'
l%sia;= mQ¾j yhjk ishjfia nqÿrcdKka jykafia oUÈj my< jQ iufhys wm rfÜ jdih lf<a hlaI" kd." foaj f.da;%slhka h' W!j m<df;a msysá uyshx.Kh wjg hlaI f.da;%slhkao" le,‚ .Õ wdYs%;j kd. f.da;%slhkao" l÷lr m%foaYfha foaj f.da;%slhkao úiQ nj b;sydi .%ka:j, i|yka fjhs' tiufhys uyshx.Kfha jdih l< hlaI f.da;%slhka msßila ñksfí ^woñksfma& ckmofha uydkd. kï jQ Whkg /iaj fomsßilg fn§ uyd igklg ie/iqKq wjia:dfõ nqÿrcdKka jykafia th kqj‚ka oel isÿjkakg hk uyd Ôú; úkdYh j<lkq jia Roaêfhka ta ia:dkhg jevu l< fial' ta jk úg Wkajykafia jev isáfha oUÈj Wrefj,aokõfõh' tod nqoaO;ajfhka kj jk ui t<eô ÿre;= mif<diajl fmdah Wodù ;sì‚'
wyfiys jev isá nqÿrcdKka jykafia m;alvh t<d ìu jdäùug hlaI f.da;%slhkaf.ka wjir b,a,S h' Tjqkaf.a wjirh u; m;alvh t<d jdä ù Roaê m%d;syd¾h mE fial' ìhg m;a tu hqoaOdNsuqL uy fomsßi wE;g m,d .sh y' hqoaOh kj;d ikaiqka jQ msßig nqÿysñfhda oyï foiQy' wo wmg olakg ,efnk uyshx.K uy iEh msysgqjd we;af;a tu ia:dkfha hehs tod isg m%p,s;h' fuu wjia:dfõ O¾u Y%jKhg iquk iuka ÈjH rdchd m%Odk ÈjH iuQyhdo /iaj isáhy' oyï wid fidajdka M,hg imeñ‚ iquk iuka ÈjH rdchd je÷ï msÿï lrkakg nqÿysñf.ka mQckSh jia;=jla b,a,d isáfhah' nqÿysñfhda ysi msß ueo flaY Od;= ñgla iquk iuka ÈjH rdchka w; ;enQy' Tyq th rka lr~qjl nyd t;ek i;a ßhka Wi b÷ks,a ñ‚ fjfyrla bÈ l< nj mejefia' nqÿrcdKka jykafia ,laÈjg jevu l< miq bÈl< m%:u ia;+mh jkafka uyshx.K uyd iEhhs' wo th mGul ffp;H ñhq.=K iEh" uyshx.K uyd iEh hk kï j,ska ye¢kafjhs'
ñhq.=K iEfha ksoka jia;= iïnkaOfhka ;j;a úia;rhla wka ;efkl i|ykafõ' tkï iïnqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka miq meje;s wdodyfkda;aijfha § nqÿ isrer oefjñka ;sìh § ießhq;a uy f;rekaf.a YsIHfhl= jQ irN= uy f;reka jykafia ,nd.;a .S%jd Od;=j ^f., fmfoiska& uyshx.K iEfha ksoka l< nj h' ta wkqj uyshx.K iEfha flaY Od;= yd .S%jd Od;= jykafia hk fokuu jev isàu úfYaI lreKla jYfhka .efka' ta jk úg fuu iEh fodf<dia ßhka Wi fï> j¾Kfhka bÈl< nj lshefõ'
ld,hla ;siafia ksy~ nfõ isá ñhq .=K iE ro ms<sn|j h<s;a lshefjkafka fojk mE ;sia krks÷ iufha h' tkï l%sia;= mQ¾j ;=kajk ish jie § muK fuu iEh ;sia ßhka Wig bÈlrk ,§' ta mE;sia ksß÷kaf.a u,Kqjka jQ Y=oaO pQ,dNh l=ureka úisks' wk;=rej ÿgq.euqKq uy rc;=ud wiQßhka Wig fuu iEh bÈ lf<a h' tiufhys t<dr kï øúv rc;=udf.a hqo n,fldgqjla fuys úh' ÿgq.euqKq rcq th jkid oud fuu fmfoi ish n,hg k;= ler .;af;a h' oñ< n,h mrod ,o fuu ch.%yKh .euqKq rcqf.a hqo igkaj, uQ,drïNh o fõ' fuf,ig iE rcqg f.!rjh mqo lf<a tu ch.%yKh ksñ;s lerf.kh'
;j;a jeo.;a ft;sydisl lreKlg fuu fmfoi uQ,dY%h fjhs' tkï" isßiÕ fnda l=ure kkao f;reka hgf;a ye§ jevqfKa o fuu mska ìfï h' ;jo udkjïu l=ure" fojeks fiak" y;rjeks ldYHm hk kï ork rcjre fuu mQcd N+ñfha ÈhqKqjg lghq;= l<y' fmdf<dkakre rdcH iufha § m<uqjeks úchndyq rc;=ud fuys m%;sixialrK lghq;= isÿler ;sfí' fldaÜfÜ hq.fha § yh jk merl=ïnd rc fuu od.en h<s m%;sixialrKh l< nj i|yka h' uykqjr hq.h jk úg ùr úl%u Y%S ùr mrdl%u kf¾kaøisxy" úch rdcisxy " lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy hk krm;shka fuu od.en úúO mqo mQcdjkag yd ÈhqKqjg n÷ka l<y'
úfoaYSh wdl%uK wìhi fuu mskaìu úáka úg jk .; úh' tfy;a iE rcqf.a j¾;udk mqk¾Ôjhg wä;d,u jegqfKa 1953 j¾Ifha §h' tu j¾Ifha§ tys m%;sixialrKhg uq,a., ;eì‚' keje; 1955 j¾Ifha § Od;= ksodfkda;aijh" 1956 y;/ia fldgqfõ Od;= ksodfkda;aijh" 1961 § fld;a le/,a, uqÿfKa pQvd ud‚lH me<e|ùu wdÈ ms<silr lghq;= isÿùu;a iuÕ b;d jákd ft;sydisl mqo ìul isßfhka úrdcudk jkakg fhÿfKa h'
iïud iïnqoaO Ydikfhys iqúfYaIS jQ isoaëka /ila isÿjqKd jQ W;=ï mQckSh Èkhla jYfhka kjï mqKq fmdfyda Èk y÷kajkakg yelsh
O¾u fiakdêm;s idßmq;a; uy ry;ka jykafia yd uyd¾ê,dNS uq.,ka uy ry;ka jykafia hk ry;ka jykafia,d w.% Y%djl ;k;=re ,enqfha kjï mqkq fmdfyda Èkl§h' rc.y kqjr fõ¿jkdrdu mqKH N+ñh uq,a lrf.k nqoaO Ydikfhys m%:u uyd ix>ikaksmd;h;a isÿ jQfha tjka Èkl§h' Nd.Hj;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska NslaIq ix>hd yg ´jdo m%d;sfudalaIh" foaYkd fldg jodf<a o kjï mqkq fmdfyda Èkl§h'
tfukau ;:d.hka jykafia msßksjka mEug fmr ;=ka uilg fmr wdhqixialdrh lf<a;a kjï mqkq fmdfyda Èkl§h'
iïnqoaO Ydikfhys fujeks jQ ft;sydisl isÿùï /ila isÿ jQ kjï fmdfyda Èkh fndÿkqjkag úfYaIs; jQ Ydiksl jYfhka jeo.;a jk Èkhls' uyd ldre‚l ;:d.; nqÿmshdKka jykafia ießhq;a uq.,ka uyry;ka jykafia,dg ms<sfj<ska ol=K;a ijq iy ju;a ijqhk Ydiksl ;k;=re msßkeóu wm ukdj okakd ioyï ldrKhls' ta i|yd Wkajykafia fom< iir uy;a mdró msrEy'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia jev isá fõ¿jkdrduh Wrefj, ldYHm" k§ ldYHm" .hd ldYHm hk ;=ka nE cá, NslaIQka jykafia m%Odk NslaIQka oyila o" ießhq;a ysñhka yd uq.,ka ysñhka m%Odk fldg.;a foish mkyla NslaIQka jykafia o hk tla oyia foish mkyla uy ry;ka jykafiaf.ka fidaNdu;a úh' fï NslaIQka jykafia msßi w;f¾§ ießhq;a ysñhka yd uq.,ka ysñhka yg w.% Y%djl ;k;=re msßkeóu isÿúh'
nqÿ iiqfkys uq,ska meúÈ Wmiïmod ,;a NslaIQka jykafia isáh§ ;:d.;hka jykafia úiska" uE; ld,fha nqÿiiqfkys meúÈ Wmiïmod ,;a fï ießhq;a yd uq.,ka ysñjrekag w.%Ydjl ;k;=re msßkuk ,oehs iuyr NslaIQka jykafia w;r l;dnyla u;=úh'
kjï fmdfydh Èkh wmg jeo.;a jk wfkla úfYaI ldrKh kï nqÿkajykafia wdh ixialdrh yf<a kjï fmdfydh Èkl§ ùuhs' nqÿrcdKka jykafia rc.y kqjßka kslau pdm, ffp;H fj; t<UqK fial' tys jevu lr mekjQ wiqfkys jevyqka fial' tys§ wdkkao ysñhka wu;d i;r iDoaêmdo jevq ;eke;a;yqg leue;s kï wdhq l,amhla fyda Bg jeä l,la Ôj;a úh yels nj f;jrlau m%ldY l<y' wdkkao ysñhkag udrdfõYh ù isáh fyhska isys t<jd .; fkdyS wdhql,amhla jev isákd fuka nqÿ ysñhkg wdrOkd lrkakg wu;l úh'
bka miq fkdfnda fõ,djlska jij;a ureka nqÿrcdKka jykafia fj; <Õd ù kqU jykafiag mßks¾jdKhg ld,h fuh hehs okajd isàh' nqÿrcdKka jykafia jij;aureka wu;d m%ldY lf<a t;eka mgka ;=ka uila .; jQ ;ek§ msßksjka mdkd njhs'
bkamiq nqÿrcdKka jykafia wdhqixialdrh y< fial' nqÿrcdKka jykafia wdhqixialdrh y< t flfKysu uy fmdf<dj lïmd úh' wyfiyso .s.=reï we;s jkakg úh'
fujeks lreKq ldrKd fya;=fjka kjï fmdfydh fn!oaOhkg iqúfYaI jeo.;alula f.kfohs'
nqÿrÿka ,laÈj kd.§mhg jevufldg ue‚la mqgqjg hqO jÈñka isá pq,af,daOr - ufydaor kd rcqka fofokdg O¾u foaYkd fldg Tjqka iduodk lsÍu' i;r fmrksñ;s j,ska m<uq fmrksñ;a; isÿy;a l=ure wei .eàu'
§mxlr nqÿrÿka yuqfõ iïud iïnqoaO moúh i|yd f.!;u nqÿrÿka ksh; újrK ,eîu'
lsidf.da;ó foaúh úiska ˜ksínq;d kQk id ud;d˜hk ksínq; mo mejiSu' nqÿùfuka miq m%:u jrg lsUq,aj;a mqrhg meñK huduy fm<yr mEu'
nqoaO;ajfhka wgjk j¾Ifha ukswlaÅ; kdrÿf.a werhqfuka le,‚hg jeãu"tojiu iquk iuka foõrÿkaf.a werhqñka iuk< mõjg jevu fldg nqÿisßmd msysgqjd f;jk jrg;a isß,l mqkH N+ñhla njg m;a lsÍu' úch l=ure ,xldjg meñkSu'
msßksjka uxplfha ie;mS isá nqÿrÿka fj; meñks ilafoõ rÿg ,xldj;a isxy,cd;sh;a rlakd f,i mejÍu'
fojkmE;sia rcq O¾udfYdal pl%j¾;Ska úiska ;s<sKfldg tjk ,o mxp ll=O NdKavhka iys;j kshu Wodr rcl= f,i oaú;ShdNsfYal ,eîu'
wkqrmqr uyfujqkd Whfka rejkaje,s iE rÿka ie§ug ùid kel;ska jev weröu' wdkkao ysñhka msßksjka mEu'
uyd úydrjxYsl NslaIQkaf.a j¾Ihla mdid mj;ajkq ,nk Wmiïmod ufyda;aijh m%:ujrg meje;aùu' Y%S ,xldfõ isxy, fn!oaO rcjrekaf.a wNsfIalh isÿlsÍu'
wkqnqÿ uyd ñysÿ uyry;ka jykafia m%uqL bÜÀh" W;a;sh" iïn," noaoid, hk ry;ka jykafia,d;a" Iâ wNs{d,dNS iquk idufkarhkao"NKavql kï wkd.dó Wmdiljrhd hk msßi O¾uúch ms<sn| wk.s;u mksúvh uQ¾Óu;a lrñka Ydka;Sh ¥;hka jYfhka ,xldlfõ W;=reueo ksïkfha wkqrmqr ñiail mõjg jevulr nq(j 236 § ,laÈj nqÿiiqk msysgqùu'
nqÿ ù isõjk i;sfha rejkaf.hs jevys¢ñka O¾uh fufkys lrk nqÿrÿkaf.a YÍrfhka m%:u jrg ijkla >K nqÿ/ia úys§u'
,laÈj m%:u uyK Wmiïmodj jk NKavql Wmdil uyK Wmiïmodj isÿùu'
isÿy;a l=ure uõl=i ms<sis| .ekSu, isÿy;a l=uqre wNsksIal%uKh lsÍu, rdyq, l=uref.a Wm;' nrKeia mqr bism;kdrdufha§ miaj. uykqkag oïila mej;=ï iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu' .Kavín relauq,ays§ ;s¾:lhkaf.a udkh u¾Okh lsÍug huduy fm<yr mEu' ud;d ÈjHrdchd we;=¿ foúhkag úcïnK foaYkd lsÍu'
lS¾;s Y%S fï>j¾K rc^ls;aisß fujka& oji l,sÕ= ráka fyauud,d l=ußh yd oka; l=ure úiska ,xldjg f.fkk ,o o<od jykafia m%o¾Ykh lrñka j¾Ihla mdid mj;ajkq ,nk wei< fmryef¾ wdrïNh' ,laÈj idufkar ysñjrekag Wmiïmodj ,nd §u'
wk| ysñhkaf.a ud¾.fhka ldka;djkag iiqka meúoao fokf,i b,a,d isáhy'wk| ysñ nqÿrÿkag fï nj ie,l,o Wkajykafia f;jrlau tu b,a,Su m%;slafIam l<y'miqj wk| ysñf.a n,j;a W;aidyh u; lreKq myod § uyd m%cdm;S f.da;ñh m%Odk ldka;djkag iiqka fodr újD; úh'meúoao wjYHkï wIaG.re O¾u ms<s.; hq;=h"thu wehg meúoao yd Wmiïmodj jkafkahs nqÿrÿka m%ldY l,y' th ms<sf.k tjf,ysu meúoao yd Wmiïmodj ,eîh'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia fj;ska wjjdo wkqYdikd ,ndf.k ;u ;uka f.a pß;hkg iß,k l¾uia:dk b,a,df.k" úfõlS m%foaY fidhd jevu fldg iqÿiq ia:dkhka ys jia jid Ndjkd l¾uhka ys fh§ ud¾. M,djfndaOh ,ndf.k fmr jia mjdrKh fldg nqÿrÿka fj; fmr<d jevu fldg iajlSh Ydik mrud¾: bgqlr.;a whqre m%ldY fldg Woka wekQ NslaIQka jykafia ms<sn| úia;r ish oyia .Kkska fidhd .kakg yels h' úfYaIfhka fjk ld,j,g;a jvd úfYaI j.lSulska hq;= j W;aidyfhka uyK oï mqrk" ;ukag isjq mifhka Wmia:dk lrk ieoeyenr odhlhkg o Y%oaOd§ .=K O¾u j¾Okhg yd ud¾.M,djfndaOhg fya;=jk oeyeñ wkqYdikd lrk ld,hls" jia iuh' yeu fjfyr úydria:dkhlu Èkm;d u jdf.a fkdfhla nK mskalïj,ska yd fjk;a iiqka jev j,ska msÍ .sh" fidïkia iqjh okjk ld,hls'
tfia u ir;a ld,fha wdrïNh o ìkr mif<diajla fmdafhys isg t<fUhs' ir;a ld,h yeu lúfhl= úiska u j¾Kkd lrk ,o" lú is; mqnqÿ lrjk ,o" iajdNdúl fi!kao¾h rifhka wjg mßirh mjd wdf,dalj;a ù .sh iufhls' ir;a iD;=fõ olakg ,efnk iajdNdúl o¾Ykhka lúhka lú weiska n,d fkdfhla úis;=re f,i j¾Kkd lr we;s whqre .oH moH idys;H lD;s j,ska meyeÈ,s fjhs' fï khska i,ld n,k l,ays ìkr udih Ydiksl jYfhka o idys;H w.h jYfhka o ixialD;sl jYfhka o jeo.;alulska hq;a udihla nj lsj yels h'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia YdlH ckmofhys lsUq,aj;a mqrfhys jQ ksf.%dOdrdufhys jev fjfik iufhys uydm%cdm;S f.!;ó f;dfuda Wkajykafia fj; wjq;a je| tl;a mfil isg wk.dßl Ydikfhys meúoao ud.uqka yg b,a,d isáhd h'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.da;ñh f.a b,a,Su m<uq fojeks ;=kajeks jrg;a m%;slafIam l<y' blaì;s nqÿrÿka lsUq,aj;a kqjßka kslau úYd,d uykqjr l+gd.dr Yd,dj fj; jeä fial' uyd m%cdm;S f.!;ó f;dfuda frdaysŒ k§ ;Srfhys § meúÈ jQ l=urejka f.a Nd¾hdjka mkaish fokd iu. flia lmd lidj;a ye| lsUq,aj;a kqjßka msg;a j fhdÿka mkia tlla muK jQ §¾> ud¾.h md .ukskau f.jd l+Gd.dr Yd,dj fj; meñ‚hd h' wdkkao ysñhka yg lreKq lshd Wkajykafia f.a ud¾.fhka ldka;djka yg iiqka meúoao ,ndfok f,i b,a,d isáhd h' wdkkao ysñfhda nqÿrÿka fj; f.dia iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai" uydm%cdm;S f.!;ó f;dfuda mkaishhla ìfidajreka msßjrd fuys meñK nqÿrÿka jykafia ia;%Skag meúoao fkd fo;a hs w~ w~d fodrgqj iómfhys isákakS h' iajdóks" ia;%Syq nqoaO Ydikfhys wk.dßl jQ meúoao ,n;a kï uekjehs wheo isáhy' nqÿyq wdkkao ysñhkaf.a b,a,Su f;jrlau m%;slafIam l<y' miqj wdkkao ysñhkaf.a n,j;a W;aidyh ksid lreKq lshQ miq uyd m%cdm;S f.!;ñh m%Odk ldka;djkag iiqka fodr újD; úh' wdkkaoh" bÈka uy m%cdm;S f.!;ó f;dfuda meúÈ jkq leue;a;S kï fmr nqÿjrhka f.a Y%dúldjka úiska msrE wIag .re O¾u weh úiska o ms<s.; hq;= h' thu wehg meúoao yd Wmiïmodj jkafka h'
.re O¾u wg
01' Wmiïm;a;sfhka jia ishhla jQ fufyKl úiska jqj o tÈk u Wmimka jQ NslaIQka oel;a je£ï wd§ f.!rj oelaúh hq;= h'
02' NslaIQka ke;s m%foaYfhla ys fufyKl úiska jia fkdjeish hq;= h'
03' wv uila mdid" fufyKl úiska NslaIq ix>hdf.ka fmdfydh úpd< hq;= hs' wjjdo §ug meñŒu o n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh hq;= hs'
04' jia wjidkfhys § NslaIq NslaIqŒ hk WNf;d ix>hd bÈßfha mjdrKh lghq;= hs'
05' .re wej;lg meñ‚ fufyKl úiska WNf;d ix>hd flfrys w~ uila udk; msßh hq;= hs'
06' wjqreoaola mqyqKq fjñka YslaIudkdjla j isg miqj WNf;d ix>hdf.ka Wmiïmodj ,eìh hq;= hs'
07' ljr ldrKhla ksid fyda fufyKl úiska NslaIq flkl= yg wdfl%dI mßNj fkd lghq;=hs'
08' fufy‚ka úiska NslaIQka yg wjjdo fkd lghq;= h' NslaIQka úiska NslaIqŒkag wjjdo lghq;= h'
wdkkao ysñfhda fï .re O¾u wg nqÿrÿkaf.ka Wf.k uyd m%cdm;S f.!;ñh fj; t<U .re O¾u úia;rfldg lshd" bÈka Tn fï .re O¾u ms<s.kafkys kï th u Tng meúÈ Wmiïmodj jkafka hehs o lSy' tnig f.da;ñh il, YÍrh f,duq oy .kajñka miajkla mS%;Ska mskd nqÿrÿka ÈYdjg fodfyd;a uqÿka § isg ‘wdkkao iajdóks’ hï fia w,xldrhg leue;s ;reK ia;%shla fyda mqreIfhla fyda c,iakdkh fldg" iuka u,a oula ,Èka fow;ska ms<sf.k ikaf;daIfhka isrfiys ;nd .kS o" tfia u uu Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jod< ta O¾u wg fok ms<s.ksñ" hs ;=kajrla lSjd h' ta jpkh iuÕ u uyd m%cdm;S f.!;ñh f.a uyKlu úh' Wmiïmod YS,h o úh' nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a kshuh mßÈ mkaishhla laI;%sh l=udßldfjda o NslaIq ix>hdf.ka Wmiïmodj ,enQy'
fufia fufyK iiafka wdrïNh ìkr mqka fmdfydaod isÿ úh'
ießhq;a ysñhka m%{d,dNS NslaIQka w;r w.%ia:dkh ,eîu'
l,am ,laIhlska u;=fhys nqÿùug isák ffu;%S fndai;dkka f.!;u nqÿrÿkaf.a Ydikfhys meúÈ ùu'
wkq,d foaúh we;=¿ l=, l;=ka iiqka.; lsÍug ix>ñ;a;d f;r‚h we;=¿ NlaIqŒ ix>hd;a"ch Y%S uyd fndaê Odufha olaIsK YdLdj;a ,laÈjg jevujd .ekSug wkqnqÿ ñysÿ ysñhkaf.a kshufhka fojkmE;sia rcqf.a ixfoaYh;a i;=gq m~qre;a /f.k wßIaG l=ure m%uqL rdclSh ¥; msßi oUÈj ie,¨ma kqjr O¾udfYdal pl%j¾;Ska yuqùug msg;afldg hjk ,oafoa jma fmda odhs'
uydßIaG uy ry;ka jykafia úiska ,xld Ydik b;sydifha wur‚h isoaOhla jk úkh msglh ix>dhkd lsÍu'
Öjr udifha wka;su fmdfydh tkï lÀkdialrK úkh l¾uh l<yels wjika Èkh ùu' w.iõ ießhq;a udysñhka msßksjka mEu'
O¾udfYdal wêrdchdf.a fufyhùfuka ñys÷ uyry;ka jykafia ,laÈj iïnqoaO Ydikh fmdfidka fmdfyda Èk msysgq jQ fial' ta wjia:dfõ§ oyï weiSug meñ‚ wkq,d foaúh m%Odk ldka;djka 500 la fokd meúÈùug wjir b,a,d ;sfí' tu b,a,Su .ek ñys÷ udysñhka fojk mE;sia rc;=udg wjjdo lrkq ,enqfõ ;ukag ldka;djka meúÈ l< fkdyels njhs'
;u fidfydhqßh jQ ix>ñ;a;d uyry;a fufy‚h oUÈj isg jevujd.ekSu jvd;au WÑ; njo Wkajykafia fmkajd ÿkay' ta iu.u Ôjudk nqÿka yd iudkj ie<flk" jkaokdudkhg md;%j ;snQ chY%S uyd fndaê YdLdjlao jevujdf.k tk f,io rc;=udg Wmfoia § we;'
ta wkqj rdc¥;hka w; fojk mE;sia rc;=ud úiska yiqkla ms<sfh, fldg ;E.s fnda.o iu. oUÈj O¾udfYdal uy rc;=ud fj; hjd fï b,a,Su bÈßm;a lrkq ,eîh' O¾udfYdal rcqo fud.a.,Smq;a; uyry;ka jykafiaf.a wkqYdikd mßÈ ix>ñ;a;d f;r‚hg" chY%S uyd fndaêfha olaIsK YdLdjla iy fndaëka jykafiaf.a wdrlaIdjg wdrlaIl msßil=;a iu. oUÈj isg Y%S ,xldjg tjk ,§' Y%S uyd fndaëka jykafiaf.a YdLdjla ,xldjg tùu i|yd nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.ao wêIaGdkhla ;snQ nj fndaê jxY l;d m%jD;a;sfha i|ykaj we;'
wo f,dalfha ;sfnk ft;sydisl jYfhka jeo.;a b;du;a me/‚;u jDlaIh yeáhg;a" ,laI ixLHd; fn!oaOhkaf.a wm%udK f.!rjhg;a md;% ù we;s ch Y%S uy fnda rcqka Ôjudk nqÿka yd iudkfldg fn!oaOhka úiska i,lkq ,efí' fï fndaëka jykafiaf.a uõ fndaêh wo bkaÈhdfõ olakg ke;'
ta ksid wmf.a chY%S uyd fndaêfha jeo.;alu w;sYhska jeäh' fï mqj;a fol ksidu W÷jma mqr mif<diajl fmdfydh Y%S ,dxlsl fn!oaOhkag w;sYhska jeo.;ah' tmuKla fkdj W÷jma fmdfydfha isg fjila mqr mif<diajl fmdfydh olajd Wodjk nqÿrcdKkka jykafiaf.a Y%S mdoh i,l=Kq fldg we;s Y%S mdo jkaokd iuh wdrïN jkafkao wo isgh' Y%S ,dxlsl ldka;djkag meúÈ nj ,enqKq ksid W÷jma fmdfydh wmf.a ldka;d mlaIhg o fnfyúka jeo.;ah'
wo 2015 jif¾ uq,au fmdfydh oskh wdrïN jqkd¡ wms n,uq fï tla tla fmdfydh oskfha úfYaI isÿùï¡
01. ÿre;= mif<diajl fmdfydh
,lajdiS fn!oaOhska uy;a yrißka isysm;a lrkq ,nk nqÿka jykafiaf.a m%:u ,xld .ukh isÿjQ ÿre;= mqr mif,diajl fmdfyda Èkh wohs' iquk iuka foúhkaf.a wdrdOkdj u; nqÿkajykafia ,laÈjg jevu fldg we;s w;r kej; oUÈjg jevu lrkakg m%:u ,lajdiS fndÿkqjkag jkaokd lsÍu i|yd flaYOd;= ñgla ,ndÿka nj;a tu Od;= ksokafldg uyshx.k ffp;H bÈl< nj;a Ydik b;sydifha i|ykah' tfyhska uyshx.K iEh wo o fn!oaOhskaf.a uy;a f.!rjdorhg m;a jQ ia:Qmhls'
ìñìidr rcq úiska nqÿka we;=¿ uy iÕrejkg fõ¿jkdrduh mQcd lf<ao ÿre;= fmdfydh Èkfha§ nj fn!oaO b;sydifha oelafõ'
ÿre;= udih t<efUkafka ne;snr yeÕ=ï jv jvd;a fn!oaO ckS ckhdf.a is;a i;ka ;=< my< lerjñks' isßmd iuh we/UqfKa miq.sh W÷jma mqr mif<diajl fmdah Èkfha h'
l%sia;= mQ¾j yhjk ishjfia nqÿrcdKka jykafia oUÈj my< jQ iufhys wm rfÜ jdih lf<a hlaI" kd." foaj f.da;%slhka h' W!j m<df;a msysá uyshx.Kh wjg hlaI f.da;%slhkao" le,‚ .Õ wdYs%;j kd. f.da;%slhkao" l÷lr m%foaYfha foaj f.da;%slhkao úiQ nj b;sydi .%ka:j, i|yka fjhs' tiufhys uyshx.Kfha jdih l< hlaI f.da;%slhka msßila ñksfí ^woñksfma& ckmofha uydkd. kï jQ Whkg /iaj fomsßilg fn§ uyd igklg ie/iqKq wjia:dfõ nqÿrcdKka jykafia th kqj‚ka oel isÿjkakg hk uyd Ôú; úkdYh j<lkq jia Roaêfhka ta ia:dkhg jevu l< fial' ta jk úg Wkajykafia jev isáfha oUÈj Wrefj,aokõfõh' tod nqoaO;ajfhka kj jk ui t<eô ÿre;= mif<diajl fmdah Wodù ;sì‚'
wyfiys jev isá nqÿrcdKka jykafia m;alvh t<d ìu jdäùug hlaI f.da;%slhkaf.ka wjir b,a,S h' Tjqkaf.a wjirh u; m;alvh t<d jdä ù Roaê m%d;syd¾h mE fial' ìhg m;a tu hqoaOdNsuqL uy fomsßi wE;g m,d .sh y' hqoaOh kj;d ikaiqka jQ msßig nqÿysñfhda oyï foiQy' wo wmg olakg ,efnk uyshx.K uy iEh msysgqjd we;af;a tu ia:dkfha hehs tod isg m%p,s;h' fuu wjia:dfõ O¾u Y%jKhg iquk iuka ÈjH rdchd m%Odk ÈjH iuQyhdo /iaj isáhy' oyï wid fidajdka M,hg imeñ‚ iquk iuka ÈjH rdchd je÷ï msÿï lrkakg nqÿysñf.ka mQckSh jia;=jla b,a,d isáfhah' nqÿysñfhda ysi msß ueo flaY Od;= ñgla iquk iuka ÈjH rdchka w; ;enQy' Tyq th rka lr~qjl nyd t;ek i;a ßhka Wi b÷ks,a ñ‚ fjfyrla bÈ l< nj mejefia' nqÿrcdKka jykafia ,laÈjg jevu l< miq bÈl< m%:u ia;+mh jkafka uyshx.K uyd iEhhs' wo th mGul ffp;H ñhq.=K iEh" uyshx.K uyd iEh hk kï j,ska ye¢kafjhs'
ñhq.=K iEfha ksoka jia;= iïnkaOfhka ;j;a úia;rhla wka ;efkl i|ykafõ' tkï iïnqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka miq meje;s wdodyfkda;aijfha § nqÿ isrer oefjñka ;sìh § ießhq;a uy f;rekaf.a YsIHfhl= jQ irN= uy f;reka jykafia ,nd.;a .S%jd Od;=j ^f., fmfoiska& uyshx.K iEfha ksoka l< nj h' ta wkqj uyshx.K iEfha flaY Od;= yd .S%jd Od;= jykafia hk fokuu jev isàu úfYaI lreKla jYfhka .efka' ta jk úg fuu iEh fodf<dia ßhka Wi fï> j¾Kfhka bÈl< nj lshefõ'
ld,hla ;siafia ksy~ nfõ isá ñhq .=K iE ro ms<sn|j h<s;a lshefjkafka fojk mE ;sia krks÷ iufha h' tkï l%sia;= mQ¾j ;=kajk ish jie § muK fuu iEh ;sia ßhka Wig bÈlrk ,§' ta mE;sia ksß÷kaf.a u,Kqjka jQ Y=oaO pQ,dNh l=ureka úisks' wk;=rej ÿgq.euqKq uy rc;=ud wiQßhka Wig fuu iEh bÈ lf<a h' tiufhys t<dr kï øúv rc;=udf.a hqo n,fldgqjla fuys úh' ÿgq.euqKq rcq th jkid oud fuu fmfoi ish n,hg k;= ler .;af;a h' oñ< n,h mrod ,o fuu ch.%yKh .euqKq rcqf.a hqo igkaj, uQ,drïNh o fõ' fuf,ig iE rcqg f.!rjh mqo lf<a tu ch.%yKh ksñ;s lerf.kh'
;j;a jeo.;a ft;sydisl lreKlg fuu fmfoi uQ,dY%h fjhs' tkï" isßiÕ fnda l=ure kkao f;reka hgf;a ye§ jevqfKa o fuu mska ìfï h' ;jo udkjïu l=ure" fojeks fiak" y;rjeks ldYHm hk kï ork rcjre fuu mQcd N+ñfha ÈhqKqjg lghq;= l<y' fmdf<dkakre rdcH iufha § m<uqjeks úchndyq rc;=ud fuys m%;sixialrK lghq;= isÿler ;sfí' fldaÜfÜ hq.fha § yh jk merl=ïnd rc fuu od.en h<s m%;sixialrKh l< nj i|yka h' uykqjr hq.h jk úg ùr úl%u Y%S ùr mrdl%u kf¾kaøisxy" úch rdcisxy " lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy hk krm;shka fuu od.en úúO mqo mQcdjkag yd ÈhqKqjg n÷ka l<y'
úfoaYSh wdl%uK wìhi fuu mskaìu úáka úg jk .; úh' tfy;a iE rcqf.a j¾;udk mqk¾Ôjhg wä;d,u jegqfKa 1953 j¾Ifha §h' tu j¾Ifha§ tys m%;sixialrKhg uq,a., ;eì‚' keje; 1955 j¾Ifha § Od;= ksodfkda;aijh" 1956 y;/ia fldgqfõ Od;= ksodfkda;aijh" 1961 § fld;a le/,a, uqÿfKa pQvd ud‚lH me<e|ùu wdÈ ms<silr lghq;= isÿùu;a iuÕ b;d jákd ft;sydisl mqo ìul isßfhka úrdcudk jkakg fhÿfKa h'
02. kjï mif<diajl fmdfydh
iïud iïnqoaO Ydikfhys iqúfYaIS jQ isoaëka /ila isÿjqKd jQ W;=ï mQckSh Èkhla jYfhka kjï mqKq fmdfyda Èk y÷kajkakg yelsh
O¾u fiakdêm;s idßmq;a; uy ry;ka jykafia yd uyd¾ê,dNS uq.,ka uy ry;ka jykafia hk ry;ka jykafia,d w.% Y%djl ;k;=re ,enqfha kjï mqkq fmdfyda Èkl§h' rc.y kqjr fõ¿jkdrdu mqKH N+ñh uq,a lrf.k nqoaO Ydikfhys m%:u uyd ix>ikaksmd;h;a isÿ jQfha tjka Èkl§h' Nd.Hj;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska NslaIq ix>hd yg ´jdo m%d;sfudalaIh" foaYkd fldg jodf<a o kjï mqkq fmdfyda Èkl§h'
tfukau ;:d.hka jykafia msßksjka mEug fmr ;=ka uilg fmr wdhqixialdrh lf<a;a kjï mqkq fmdfyda Èkl§h'
iïnqoaO Ydikfhys fujeks jQ ft;sydisl isÿùï /ila isÿ jQ kjï fmdfyda Èkh fndÿkqjkag úfYaIs; jQ Ydiksl jYfhka jeo.;a jk Èkhls' uyd ldre‚l ;:d.; nqÿmshdKka jykafia ießhq;a uq.,ka uyry;ka jykafia,dg ms<sfj<ska ol=K;a ijq iy ju;a ijqhk Ydiksl ;k;=re msßkeóu wm ukdj okakd ioyï ldrKhls' ta i|yd Wkajykafia fom< iir uy;a mdró msrEy'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia jev isá fõ¿jkdrduh Wrefj, ldYHm" k§ ldYHm" .hd ldYHm hk ;=ka nE cá, NslaIQka jykafia m%Odk NslaIQka oyila o" ießhq;a ysñhka yd uq.,ka ysñhka m%Odk fldg.;a foish mkyla NslaIQka jykafia o hk tla oyia foish mkyla uy ry;ka jykafiaf.ka fidaNdu;a úh' fï NslaIQka jykafia msßi w;f¾§ ießhq;a ysñhka yd uq.,ka ysñhka yg w.% Y%djl ;k;=re msßkeóu isÿúh'
nqÿ iiqfkys uq,ska meúÈ Wmiïmod ,;a NslaIQka jykafia isáh§ ;:d.;hka jykafia úiska" uE; ld,fha nqÿiiqfkys meúÈ Wmiïmod ,;a fï ießhq;a yd uq.,ka ysñjrekag w.%Ydjl ;k;=re msßkuk ,oehs iuyr NslaIQka jykafia w;r l;dnyla u;=úh'
kjï fmdfydh Èkh wmg jeo.;a jk wfkla úfYaI ldrKh kï nqÿkajykafia wdh ixialdrh yf<a kjï fmdfydh Èkl§ ùuhs' nqÿrcdKka jykafia rc.y kqjßka kslau pdm, ffp;H fj; t<UqK fial' tys jevu lr mekjQ wiqfkys jevyqka fial' tys§ wdkkao ysñhka wu;d i;r iDoaêmdo jevq ;eke;a;yqg leue;s kï wdhq l,amhla fyda Bg jeä l,la Ôj;a úh yels nj f;jrlau m%ldY l<y' wdkkao ysñhkag udrdfõYh ù isáh fyhska isys t<jd .; fkdyS wdhql,amhla jev isákd fuka nqÿ ysñhkg wdrOkd lrkakg wu;l úh'
bka miq fkdfnda fõ,djlska jij;a ureka nqÿrcdKka jykafia fj; <Õd ù kqU jykafiag mßks¾jdKhg ld,h fuh hehs okajd isàh' nqÿrcdKka jykafia jij;aureka wu;d m%ldY lf<a t;eka mgka ;=ka uila .; jQ ;ek§ msßksjka mdkd njhs'
bkamiq nqÿrcdKka jykafia wdhqixialdrh y< fial' nqÿrcdKka jykafia wdhqixialdrh y< t flfKysu uy fmdf<dj lïmd úh' wyfiyso .s.=reï we;s jkakg úh'
fujeks lreKq ldrKd fya;=fjka kjï fmdfydh fn!oaOhkg iqúfYaI jeo.;alula f.kfohs'
03. ueÈka mif<diajl fmdfydh
nqÿrÿka 20000la wd¾h uyd ix>hd msßjrdf.k iqoafOdaOk rc;=ud yd ish {d;Skaj wuduy ksjkaiqj ,ndfokq jia lsUq,aj;a mqrhg jevu lsÍug .ukdrïNh'- ry,a l=ure meúÈ ùu
- kkao l=ure meúÈ ùu
04. nla mif<diajl fmdfydh
,laÈj fojk jrg nqÿ isßmd myiska msú;=re njg m;ajQfha;a"nqÿrÿkaf.a ijkla /ia l¢ka uq¿ fy<Èj wdf,dalu;a jQfha;a oyï wud ñysfrkafkdfhla ikd ksù iekiS .sfha;a fï fmdfydaod fõ'nqÿrÿka ,laÈj kd.§mhg jevufldg ue‚la mqgqjg hqO jÈñka isá pq,af,daOr - ufydaor kd rcqka fofokdg O¾u foaYkd fldg Tjqka iduodk lsÍu' i;r fmrksñ;s j,ska m<uq fmrksñ;a; isÿy;a l=ure wei .eàu'
05. fjila mif<diajl fmdfydh
isoaOd¾: l=udrhdf.a bm§u" isoaOd¾: ;dmihdf.anqÿùu" iy nqÿka jykafia f.amßks¾jdkh hk wisßu;a ux., lreKq /ilska mQckSh;ajhg;a"ft;sydisl;ajhg;a m;a jQ fjila Èkh fn!oaO ck;djf.a mru mQckSh wd.ñl Èkhla ùu'§mxlr nqÿrÿka yuqfõ iïud iïnqoaO moúh i|yd f.!;u nqÿrÿka ksh; újrK ,eîu'
lsidf.da;ó foaúh úiska ˜ksínq;d kQk id ud;d˜hk ksínq; mo mejiSu' nqÿùfuka miq m%:u jrg lsUq,aj;a mqrhg meñK huduy fm<yr mEu'
nqoaO;ajfhka wgjk j¾Ifha ukswlaÅ; kdrÿf.a werhqfuka le,‚hg jeãu"tojiu iquk iuka foõrÿkaf.a werhqñka iuk< mõjg jevu fldg nqÿisßmd msysgqjd f;jk jrg;a isß,l mqkH N+ñhla njg m;a lsÍu' úch l=ure ,xldjg meñkSu'
msßksjka uxplfha ie;mS isá nqÿrÿka fj; meñks ilafoõ rÿg ,xldj;a isxy,cd;sh;a rlakd f,i mejÍu'
fojkmE;sia rcq O¾udfYdal pl%j¾;Ska úiska ;s<sKfldg tjk ,o mxp ll=O NdKavhka iys;j kshu Wodr rcl= f,i oaú;ShdNsfYal ,eîu'
wkqrmqr uyfujqkd Whfka rejkaje,s iE rÿka ie§ug ùid kel;ska jev weröu' wdkkao ysñhka msßksjka mEu'
uyd úydrjxYsl NslaIQkaf.a j¾Ihla mdid mj;ajkq ,nk Wmiïmod ufyda;aijh m%:ujrg meje;aùu' Y%S ,xldfõ isxy, fn!oaO rcjrekaf.a wNsfIalh isÿlsÍu'
06. fmdfidka mif<diajl fmdfydh
wkqnqÿ uyd ñysÿ uyry;ka jykafia m%uqL bÜÀh" W;a;sh" iïn," noaoid, hk ry;ka jykafia,d;a" Iâ wNs{d,dNS iquk idufkarhkao"NKavql kï wkd.dó Wmdiljrhd hk msßi O¾uúch ms<sn| wk.s;u mksúvh uQ¾Óu;a lrñka Ydka;Sh ¥;hka jYfhka ,xldlfõ W;=reueo ksïkfha wkqrmqr ñiail mõjg jevulr nq(j 236 § ,laÈj nqÿiiqk msysgqùu'
nqÿ ù isõjk i;sfha rejkaf.hs jevys¢ñka O¾uh fufkys lrk nqÿrÿkaf.a YÍrfhka m%:u jrg ijkla >K nqÿ/ia úys§u'
,laÈj m%:u uyK Wmiïmodj jk NKavql Wmdil uyK Wmiïmodj isÿùu'
07. wei< mif<diajl fmdfydh
isÿy;a l=ure uõl=i ms<sis| .ekSu, isÿy;a l=uqre wNsksIal%uKh lsÍu, rdyq, l=uref.a Wm;' nrKeia mqr bism;kdrdufha§ miaj. uykqkag oïila mej;=ï iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu' .Kavín relauq,ays§ ;s¾:lhkaf.a udkh u¾Okh lsÍug huduy fm<yr mEu' ud;d ÈjHrdchd we;=¿ foúhkag úcïnK foaYkd lsÍu'
- m%:u O¾u ix>dhkdj meje;aùug rc.y kqjrg jevulr jia t,eU uQ,sl lghq;= weröu'
- m%:u LKav iSudj idx>sl lsÍu'
- wßÜG l=ure m%Odk isxy,hka imkia fokdf.a uyK Wmiïmodj ;=ïnqre iSud ud,lfha§ isÿ lsÍu'
- ,xldfõ foiegla ry;ka jykafia,df.a m%:u jiaiQm.ukh'
- nq'j 382 § ÿgq.euqKq rcq úiskarejkaje,s iE rÿka ;kkakg u.=,a ., ;eîu'
- uy iEfha Od;= ksOdkh wfkam%ldr m%d;syd¾h ueo isÿùu'
lS¾;s Y%S fï>j¾K rc^ls;aisß fujka& oji l,sÕ= ráka fyauud,d l=ußh yd oka; l=ure úiska ,xldjg f.fkk ,o o<od jykafia m%o¾Ykh lrñka j¾Ihla mdid mj;ajkq ,nk wei< fmryef¾ wdrïNh' ,laÈj idufkar ysñjrekag Wmiïmodj ,nd §u'
08. ksls‚ mif<diajl fmdfydh
- miq jia t<öu weröu'
- wdkkao ysñhka ry;a ùu'
- NslaIqŒ idikh msysgùu'
- ìkr mif<diajl fmdfydh
- fufyks iiafka wdrïNh'
wk| ysñhkaf.a ud¾.fhka ldka;djkag iiqka meúoao fokf,i b,a,d isáhy'wk| ysñ nqÿrÿkag fï nj ie,l,o Wkajykafia f;jrlau tu b,a,Su m%;slafIam l<y'miqj wk| ysñf.a n,j;a W;aidyh u; lreKq myod § uyd m%cdm;S f.da;ñh m%Odk ldka;djkag iiqka fodr újD; úh'meúoao wjYHkï wIaG.re O¾u ms<s.; hq;=h"thu wehg meúoao yd Wmiïmodj jkafkahs nqÿrÿka m%ldY l,y' th ms<sf.k tjf,ysu meúoao yd Wmiïmodj ,eîh'
09. ìkr fmdfydh
jiaidk iufhys t<fUk fmdah Èk w;=r ìkr fmdah o Ydiksl wxYfhka yd idys;H w;ska jeo.;a fmdah Èkhls' wjqreoafoa t<fUk jeis idr udih wuq;= Ydka; iajrEmhla Wiq,k iuhla jYfhka m%lg h' NslaIQka jykafia nqoaO kshuh wkqj úydrdrduhkays ksn| j jev fjfiñka nK Ndjkd l¾uhka ys fhfoñka iajlSh Ydik mrud¾: bgq lr.kakd ld, mßÉfþohla nj fn!oaO idys;Hh foi úuik úg" uekeúka meyeÈ,s fjhs'nqÿrcdKka jykafia fj;ska wjjdo wkqYdikd ,ndf.k ;u ;uka f.a pß;hkg iß,k l¾uia:dk b,a,df.k" úfõlS m%foaY fidhd jevu fldg iqÿiq ia:dkhka ys jia jid Ndjkd l¾uhka ys fh§ ud¾. M,djfndaOh ,ndf.k fmr jia mjdrKh fldg nqÿrÿka fj; fmr<d jevu fldg iajlSh Ydik mrud¾: bgqlr.;a whqre m%ldY fldg Woka wekQ NslaIQka jykafia ms<sn| úia;r ish oyia .Kkska fidhd .kakg yels h' úfYaIfhka fjk ld,j,g;a jvd úfYaI j.lSulska hq;= j W;aidyfhka uyK oï mqrk" ;ukag isjq mifhka Wmia:dk lrk ieoeyenr odhlhkg o Y%oaOd§ .=K O¾u j¾Okhg yd ud¾.M,djfndaOhg fya;=jk oeyeñ wkqYdikd lrk ld,hls" jia iuh' yeu fjfyr úydria:dkhlu Èkm;d u jdf.a fkdfhla nK mskalïj,ska yd fjk;a iiqka jev j,ska msÍ .sh" fidïkia iqjh okjk ld,hls'
tfia u ir;a ld,fha wdrïNh o ìkr mif<diajla fmdafhys isg t<fUhs' ir;a ld,h yeu lúfhl= úiska u j¾Kkd lrk ,o" lú is; mqnqÿ lrjk ,o" iajdNdúl fi!kao¾h rifhka wjg mßirh mjd wdf,dalj;a ù .sh iufhls' ir;a iD;=fõ olakg ,efnk iajdNdúl o¾Ykhka lúhka lú weiska n,d fkdfhla úis;=re f,i j¾Kkd lr we;s whqre .oH moH idys;H lD;s j,ska meyeÈ,s fjhs' fï khska i,ld n,k l,ays ìkr udih Ydiksl jYfhka o idys;H w.h jYfhka o ixialD;sl jYfhka o jeo.;alulska hq;a udihla nj lsj yels h'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia YdlH ckmofhys lsUq,aj;a mqrfhys jQ ksf.%dOdrdufhys jev fjfik iufhys uydm%cdm;S f.!;ó f;dfuda Wkajykafia fj; wjq;a je| tl;a mfil isg wk.dßl Ydikfhys meúoao ud.uqka yg b,a,d isáhd h'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia f.da;ñh f.a b,a,Su m<uq fojeks ;=kajeks jrg;a m%;slafIam l<y' blaì;s nqÿrÿka lsUq,aj;a kqjßka kslau úYd,d uykqjr l+gd.dr Yd,dj fj; jeä fial' uyd m%cdm;S f.!;ó f;dfuda frdaysŒ k§ ;Srfhys § meúÈ jQ l=urejka f.a Nd¾hdjka mkaish fokd iu. flia lmd lidj;a ye| lsUq,aj;a kqjßka msg;a j fhdÿka mkia tlla muK jQ §¾> ud¾.h md .ukskau f.jd l+Gd.dr Yd,dj fj; meñ‚hd h' wdkkao ysñhka yg lreKq lshd Wkajykafia f.a ud¾.fhka ldka;djka yg iiqka meúoao ,ndfok f,i b,a,d isáhd h' wdkkao ysñfhda nqÿrÿka fj; f.dia iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai" uydm%cdm;S f.!;ó f;dfuda mkaishhla ìfidajreka msßjrd fuys meñK nqÿrÿka jykafia ia;%Skag meúoao fkd fo;a hs w~ w~d fodrgqj iómfhys isákakS h' iajdóks" ia;%Syq nqoaO Ydikfhys wk.dßl jQ meúoao ,n;a kï uekjehs wheo isáhy' nqÿyq wdkkao ysñhkaf.a b,a,Su f;jrlau m%;slafIam l<y' miqj wdkkao ysñhkaf.a n,j;a W;aidyh ksid lreKq lshQ miq uyd m%cdm;S f.!;ñh m%Odk ldka;djkag iiqka fodr újD; úh' wdkkaoh" bÈka uy m%cdm;S f.!;ó f;dfuda meúÈ jkq leue;a;S kï fmr nqÿjrhka f.a Y%dúldjka úiska msrE wIag .re O¾u weh úiska o ms<s.; hq;= h' thu wehg meúoao yd Wmiïmodj jkafka h'
.re O¾u wg
01' Wmiïm;a;sfhka jia ishhla jQ fufyKl úiska jqj o tÈk u Wmimka jQ NslaIQka oel;a je£ï wd§ f.!rj oelaúh hq;= h'
02' NslaIQka ke;s m%foaYfhla ys fufyKl úiska jia fkdjeish hq;= h'
03' wv uila mdid" fufyKl úiska NslaIq ix>hdf.ka fmdfydh úpd< hq;= hs' wjjdo §ug meñŒu o n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh hq;= hs'
04' jia wjidkfhys § NslaIq NslaIqŒ hk WNf;d ix>hd bÈßfha mjdrKh lghq;= hs'
05' .re wej;lg meñ‚ fufyKl úiska WNf;d ix>hd flfrys w~ uila udk; msßh hq;= hs'
06' wjqreoaola mqyqKq fjñka YslaIudkdjla j isg miqj WNf;d ix>hdf.ka Wmiïmodj ,eìh hq;= hs'
07' ljr ldrKhla ksid fyda fufyKl úiska NslaIq flkl= yg wdfl%dI mßNj fkd lghq;=hs'
08' fufy‚ka úiska NslaIQka yg wjjdo fkd lghq;= h' NslaIQka úiska NslaIqŒkag wjjdo lghq;= h'
wdkkao ysñfhda fï .re O¾u wg nqÿrÿkaf.ka Wf.k uyd m%cdm;S f.!;ñh fj; t<U .re O¾u úia;rfldg lshd" bÈka Tn fï .re O¾u ms<s.kafkys kï th u Tng meúÈ Wmiïmodj jkafka hehs o lSy' tnig f.da;ñh il, YÍrh f,duq oy .kajñka miajkla mS%;Ska mskd nqÿrÿka ÈYdjg fodfyd;a uqÿka § isg ‘wdkkao iajdóks’ hï fia w,xldrhg leue;s ;reK ia;%shla fyda mqreIfhla fyda c,iakdkh fldg" iuka u,a oula ,Èka fow;ska ms<sf.k ikaf;daIfhka isrfiys ;nd .kS o" tfia u uu Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jod< ta O¾u wg fok ms<s.ksñ" hs ;=kajrla lSjd h' ta jpkh iuÕ u uyd m%cdm;S f.!;ñh f.a uyKlu úh' Wmiïmod YS,h o úh' nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a kshuh mßÈ mkaishhla laI;%sh l=udßldfjda o NslaIq ix>hdf.ka Wmiïmodj ,enQy'
fufia fufyK iiafka wdrïNh ìkr mqka fmdfydaod isÿ úh'
10. jma mif<diajl fmdfydh
i;ajk jia ld,h .;lsÍug ;õ;sid foõf,djg jevu flrE nqÿka jykafia foõf,dúka kslau oUÈj iliamqrhg meñK uyd fm<yr mdñka jev isá fial'ießhq;a ysñhka m%{d,dNS NslaIQka w;r w.%ia:dkh ,eîu'
l,am ,laIhlska u;=fhys nqÿùug isák ffu;%S fndai;dkka f.!;u nqÿrÿkaf.a Ydikfhys meúÈ ùu'
wkq,d foaúh we;=¿ l=, l;=ka iiqka.; lsÍug ix>ñ;a;d f;r‚h we;=¿ NlaIqŒ ix>hd;a"ch Y%S uyd fndaê Odufha olaIsK YdLdj;a ,laÈjg jevujd .ekSug wkqnqÿ ñysÿ ysñhkaf.a kshufhka fojkmE;sia rcqf.a ixfoaYh;a i;=gq m~qre;a /f.k wßIaG l=ure m%uqL rdclSh ¥; msßi oUÈj ie,¨ma kqjr O¾udfYdal pl%j¾;Ska yuqùug msg;afldg hjk ,oafoa jma fmda odhs'
uydßIaG uy ry;ka jykafia úiska ,xld Ydik b;sydifha wur‚h isoaOhla jk úkh msglh ix>dhkd lsÍu'
11. b,a mif<diajl fmdfydh
ffu;%S fndaêi;ajhka f.!;u nqÿrÿkaf.ka újrK ,eîu' m%:u O¾u¥; msßi jk ry;a yegkuf.a O¾u m%pdrh i|yd .ukdrïN lsÍu' nqÿrÿka ;=kanE cá,hka oukh lsÍug Wrefj,a okõjg jevu lsÍu' miqjia m%djrKh l,hq;= Èkh ùu'Öjr udifha wka;su fmdfydh tkï lÀkdialrK úkh l¾uh l<yels wjika Èkh ùu' w.iõ ießhq;a udysñhka msßksjka mEu'
12. W÷jma mif<diajl fmdfydh
W÷jma mqr mif<diajl fmdfydh wog fh§ we;' jHjydr j¾Ifhka wjidk mif<diajl fmdfyda Èkh Y%S ,dxlsl wmg úfYaIfhka jeo.;a jkafka wm rfÜ NslaIqŒ Ydikfha wdrïNh iy wioDI fndaêrdchdKka jykafiaf.a wd.ukh ksihs'O¾udfYdal wêrdchdf.a fufyhùfuka ñys÷ uyry;ka jykafia ,laÈj iïnqoaO Ydikh fmdfidka fmdfyda Èk msysgq jQ fial' ta wjia:dfõ§ oyï weiSug meñ‚ wkq,d foaúh m%Odk ldka;djka 500 la fokd meúÈùug wjir b,a,d ;sfí' tu b,a,Su .ek ñys÷ udysñhka fojk mE;sia rc;=udg wjjdo lrkq ,enqfõ ;ukag ldka;djka meúÈ l< fkdyels njhs'
;u fidfydhqßh jQ ix>ñ;a;d uyry;a fufy‚h oUÈj isg jevujd.ekSu jvd;au WÑ; njo Wkajykafia fmkajd ÿkay' ta iu.u Ôjudk nqÿka yd iudkj ie<flk" jkaokdudkhg md;%j ;snQ chY%S uyd fndaê YdLdjlao jevujdf.k tk f,io rc;=udg Wmfoia § we;'
ta wkqj rdc¥;hka w; fojk mE;sia rc;=ud úiska yiqkla ms<sfh, fldg ;E.s fnda.o iu. oUÈj O¾udfYdal uy rc;=ud fj; hjd fï b,a,Su bÈßm;a lrkq ,eîh' O¾udfYdal rcqo fud.a.,Smq;a; uyry;ka jykafiaf.a wkqYdikd mßÈ ix>ñ;a;d f;r‚hg" chY%S uyd fndaêfha olaIsK YdLdjla iy fndaëka jykafiaf.a wdrlaIdjg wdrlaIl msßil=;a iu. oUÈj isg Y%S ,xldjg tjk ,§' Y%S uyd fndaëka jykafiaf.a YdLdjla ,xldjg tùu i|yd nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.ao wêIaGdkhla ;snQ nj fndaê jxY l;d m%jD;a;sfha i|ykaj we;'
wo f,dalfha ;sfnk ft;sydisl jYfhka jeo.;a b;du;a me/‚;u jDlaIh yeáhg;a" ,laI ixLHd; fn!oaOhkaf.a wm%udK f.!rjhg;a md;% ù we;s ch Y%S uy fnda rcqka Ôjudk nqÿka yd iudkfldg fn!oaOhka úiska i,lkq ,efí' fï fndaëka jykafiaf.a uõ fndaêh wo bkaÈhdfõ olakg ke;'
ta ksid wmf.a chY%S uyd fndaêfha jeo.;alu w;sYhska jeäh' fï mqj;a fol ksidu W÷jma mqr mif<diajl fmdfydh Y%S ,dxlsl fn!oaOhkag w;sYhska jeo.;ah' tmuKla fkdj W÷jma fmdfydfha isg fjila mqr mif<diajl fmdfydh olajd Wodjk nqÿrcdKkka jykafiaf.a Y%S mdoh i,l=Kq fldg we;s Y%S mdo jkaokd iuh wdrïN jkafkao wo isgh' Y%S ,dxlsl ldka;djkag meúÈ nj ,enqKq ksid W÷jma fmdfydh wmf.a ldka;d mlaIhg o fnfyúka jeo.;ah'