Learn English in Sinhala - Lesson 04

Tkak wo;a iqmqreÿ mßÈ w¨‍;a'com bx.%Sis mdvu f.kdjd' miq.sh mdvï jf.au fï mdvu;a fydÈka n,d.kak, fo;=ka mdrla yß lshj,d yß wjfndaOfhka hq;=j'

wo wms bf.k .kafka ;j;a ir, English  mdvula' ta ;uhs Auxiliary verbs

wms jdlH ,shoa§ fïjd wksjd¾hfhkau ´ks' ta ksid fïjg wms helping verbs" helper verbs lsh,;a lshkjd' wms m%:ufhka n,uq Auxiliary verbs lshkafka fudkjo lsh,d' Definition (f;areu) = wka;¾jdlHhl jhdlrkuh f;areula fyda lD;H;aul ^functional& f;areula tl;= lsÍug fhdod .kakd jpk fufia yÿkajhs' jHldrkuh f;areula lsh, uka woyia lf¾ ld,fNaoh" o¾Ykh" m%ldr;dj" iajrh jeks foaj,a lshjkakg f;areï .kakkï wksjd¾hfhkau Auxiliary verbs wjYHuhs lshk tlhs' ks;ru fuh Ndú; lrkafka main verb tl;a tlaluhs'

wms WodyrK álla n,uq'

BE, DO, HAVE  lshkafka fmdÿ Auxiliary verbs 3la'

1)  I am leaving =  leaving  lshkafka main verb tl ,  am lshkafka Auxiliary verb tl. 
2)  She has arrived = arrived lshkafka main verb tl , has lshkafka Auxiliary verb tl.
3)  Do you smoke =  smoke lshkafka main verb tl , Do lshkafka Auxiliary verb tl.

DO / DOES / DID

DO  lshk tl wms fmdÿfõ m%Yak yokak;a jdlHl ke; hk w¾:h fok jdlH yokak;a fhdod .kakjd' DO yd DOES lshk foflau w;S; ld, iajrEmh fmkaùug DID fhdod .kakjd' fïjd kï bf.k .kak mq¿jka fjkafka WodyrK j,skau ;uhs¡ uka WodyrK lshkakï' Thd,d f;areï .kak fo;=kajrla lshj,d¡

j‍‍hjyrfha mj;akd jdlHh (in statements)

• I do my homework.
• You do the laundry.
• We do the washing up 
• They do yoga.
• He does the work
• She does the cleaning.

m%Yak weiSfï§' (in Questions)

1) Do I know you ?
2) Do you live here ?
3) Do we have time ?
4) Do they come from Vietnam ?
5) Does she drive the car ?
6) Does he cook the meal ?

ke; hk w¾:h fok jdlH j,§ ( in Negative form )

• I do not (I don’t)
• You do not (You don’t)
• She does not (She doesn’t)
• They do not (They don’t)

Be = is, am, are, was, were

Be lshk jpkh Auxiliary verb  tlla fukau main verb  f,i;a wmsg fhdod .kak mq¿jka' Be lshk tl Passive Voice jdlH ;ekSug;a fhdod .kak mq¿jka '

is lshk jpkh oeka isÿ fjk fohla úia;r lrkak;a wkd.f;a§ wksjd¾fhka isÿ fjk fohla .ek lshkak;a fhdod .kak mq¿jka' are   lshk Auxiliary verb  tl fhdod .kafka they" we  iu.hs. am yd is lshk fofla w;S;h ioyd was fhdod .kakjd. you" we iy they lshk subject j,§ wms were Ndú;d lrkjd'

j‍‍hjyrfha mj;akd jdlHh (in statements)
1) You are Sri Lankan / you were my best friend

2) We are waiting  / we were waiting
3) They are excited  / they were excited
4) He / she is cool  / he/ she was cool

m%Yak weiSfï§ (in Questions)
1) Am I in the right place ?

2) Are you my new boss ?
3) Are we nearly ?
4) Are they the best players in the team ?
5) Is She / He is old enough ?

ke; hk w¾:h fok jdlH j,§ (in Negative form)

• I am not (I aren’t) / I was not (I wasn’t)
• You are not (You aren’t)
• We are not (We aren’t)
• They are not (They aren’t) / They were not (They weren’t)
• He / She is not (He / She isn’t)

6      

Have = Has / Had

• Have Ndú;d lrkafka Present perfect tense j,g.
  
•  Has Ndú;d lrkafka tal jpk tajdg.
•  Had  Ndú;d lrkafka Past perfect tense j,g

j‍‍hjyrfha mj;akd jdlHh (in statements)

• I have a dog 
• You have a girlfriend
• They had a journey
• He / She has a dog
• Kamal had a problem

ke; hk w¾:h fok jdlH j,§ (in Negative form)

• I have not (I haven’t)
• We had not (We hadn’t)
• She has not
•  He had not
• They have not

wks;a Auxiliary verbs lsysmhla kï Can Could May Might Must Ought Should Would' fïjg wms Modal Verbs lsh,;a lshkjd' fïjd wms Ndú;d lrkafka wjYHfhka l< hq;a;la" l<yels foahla$ úh yels ^Possibility&" wjYH;djla ^Necessity& fmkaùughs'

1) Jack is late , he might be sleeping. (úh yels)

2) I should clean my room today. (wjYHfhka l< hq;a;la)
3) I must wear a tie to school. (wjYH;djla)

wo mdvu álla wudrehs jf.a ysf;hs t;a wudre kE' Tkak jdlH ,shk uq,O¾u lshd ÿkak lsh, ys;kak tmd' wms All Tenses miafia bf.k.uq' Thd,g fuu mdvï ud,dfõ§ f;afrkafka ke;s hï .eg¿jla tfyu ;sfhkï my;ska odkak;a mq¨‍jka'